An Introduction to Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) is a crucial part of a national economy, which is why it is a part of the
curriculum for almost every finance and economics course. If you are currently
pursuing any of these two courses, you will be introduced to the topic of FDI
at some point. However, if you want to gather some basic knowledge about the
topic beforehand, just keep reading this blog. ( Product
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What Is Foreign Direct
Investment?
Foreign direct
investment is a form of investment made by a party in one country into a
business or corporation in another country with the objective of establishing a
lasting interest. Now, the lasting interest differentiates FDI from foreign
portfolio investments. (Corporate
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An investor is
able to make a foreign direct investment by expanding his/her business on
foreign soil. If the investor reinvests profits from overseas operations and
the intra-company loans to overseas subsidiaries, those are also considered FDI.
Proper FDI planning is necessary for the brand
management of a business that is operating in different countries. (Dissertation
Abstract, Online
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Benefits of Foreign
Direct Investment
FDI is beneficial
for both investors and the foreign hosting country. Such advantages encourage
both parties to involve themselves in FDI. Some of the major benefits of FDI
are mentioned below:
The businesses
enjoy:
· Diversification
of market
· Tax
incentives
· Lower
labour costs
· Subsidies
· Preferential
tariffs
The host country
enjoys
· Economic
stimulation
· Development
of human capital
· Increase
in employment
· Access
to skills, technology, and management expertise
For businesses, a
majority of these benefits are based on cost-cutting and lowering risk. So, the
cost-benefit analysis of FDIs
usually offers positive results.
The Disadvantages of
Foreign Direct Investment
While FDI offers
plenty of benefits, it also has its fair share of disadvantages. Two primary
disadvantages of FDI include,
· Displacement
of local businesses
· Profit
repatriation
When a large
international firm opens its business in a foreign country, the local
businesses in that country start to suffer. We all have seen what IKEA and
Walmart are doing to the local businesses. Also, the firms will not reinvest
profits back into the host country, leading to large capital outflows from the
host country.
Hopefully, now you
have a better understanding of the issue of FDI. However, if you want, you can
learn more about FDI from your textbook or ask your professor for book
recommendations.
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